—— ~ ORNL 629 Reéactors Progress Report LABORATORY LIBRARIES i ¥ - 3 4456 05bb287 A st (Bg (] * QRDER TN W s 17T 1F A \_1_f(.T:,q‘ »cx w1 F-b 1 QH..:D UE _}_b-"': 9 = ~ ] 5 1 =i Nl = s I - : T3 16-79, R.T. DUFF, 00G ::..' o ; s Lo ] E b 1 7 VTN 3 BAE [ 2 i . O E syde ] . 1) ‘ # "!q h i .'.:.lfl'j' ’“’F"’-fi‘f e 4 ' ey S k1 | T R & by ern BRGUAIE (NSRBI ALy - A § LT U T el 2 ?‘&:fl; - i 3 .r“‘hs b Tf.’ il .II. @ffi: ‘L‘L&@éfin ik e o A ] = P ot - 258 4 4 " é_::;:l“"flj‘ I‘-!I‘ 7“‘% E:EH‘: St R w7 = iy 5 : et ) B ‘,E..’:'; q L-.y} - _“‘—_‘ ,f,d‘. L e 5 A | Pa o, g fl o i b Fape K QUARTERLY s R -k (B4 ,;:i i ai,fi 1}! > FOR PERIOD ENDING FEBRUARY 28, 1950 cmssmgmfmu c:{flsruin AN » s -~} e rri A This document has been reviewed and is determined to be - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Name/Title: Leesa Laymance, ORNLTIO Date: December 21, 2015 /E}_E Qi_fiz.g_fé_z for 8. 1. ryy, Smaermx \ >, Labauhrg Aesrds e, AV 'fi% &,‘rp l' ,‘I f:é'v ’, ; J h. *\" UPERATED BY CARBIDE AND CARBON CHEMICALS DIVISION UNIDN CAHB!DE AND CAREDN CORPORATION PDET DFFIBE BOX P GAK RIDBE, TENNESSEE ORNL 629 This document congists of 48 poges. Qapyc.?fi of 148. Beriezs &. Contract No. ®-T7485, eng. 26 AIBCRAFT NUCLEAR PROPULSION PROJECT ati Gak Ridge Natioms! Laboratory ‘ 2 ¥-12 Research Laboratory A. 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B, Grabam 58 59 EXTERNAL DISTRIBUTION 60-~64 Air Force Enginesring Office, Oak Ridge 5576 Argonpe National Laboratory 77-7T8 Atomic Energy Commission, Washington 79 Battells Memorial Institute 80 Bureav of Aeronautics 81~-84 Brookhaven National Laborstory g5 Burean of Ships 86 Chicagoe Operations Office 87-80 Genweral Electric Company, Richland 23 Hanford Operations {ffice G293 Ydaho Operations Office 94 fowa State College 85-88 Knolls Atomic Power Laboratoery 89-101 Los Alamos | 102~ Massachusetts . Jnstitute of Techuology 103-104 National Advisory Committee for Aeromautics 1035-113 NEPA Project 114 National Advisery Committee for Asronantics, Washington 115-116 New York Opevations Office I North American Avistion, Ine. 118 Dffice of Naval Ressarch 119 Patent Branch, Washingbon 120-134 Technical Information Branech, (ORE 135-136 University of Celifornies Badistion Laboratory 137-148 Westinghouse Elesctric Corporation W ¢ M. M. K. E. | N ORNL 629 Beactors Progress Report Humes {K-25) « Engberg Lvon Ellzs « Gall . M. . Kerge . G I s P M. Jones Miller Billington Blizard Breazeale Frgen Clifford Nelson Leverett Central Fileg (0,93 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY SHIELDING New Bulk Shield Testing Facility Lid Tank Bulk Shielding Measurements Water attenuation Source powsr Lead-water measurements Navy H,0-Fe-Ph-shield Instrunents Pd Film Fast Meutron Detsctor Neutron Energy Spectrometer Shielding Analvsis Shielding Materials Uranium hydride survey Plastics Concretes Portland cement-iron concrete Fxpansivity experiments Radiation damage tests FEguilibrium woisture tests Fabrication of Boral {B,0 + A1) Plumbor™ (B, C & Pb} Beports Issued HEAT TRANSFER Heat transfer theory Experimental heat transfer Ligmid metal pomps Liguid metal bhandbook METALLURGY ARD MATERIALS Static corrosion Lithiom handling Lithium perification Dynamic corrosion testing Mechanical testing Fffects of alloying elements and structural factors Protective coating of high temperature materials Circulating fuel systems o o [ TG R T (2 21- 4 Reactor Core Material Studies RADIATION DAMAGE Accelerator experiments Reactor experiments Auxiliary Material Studies High intensity gamma gource Radiation stability of plastics Radiation stability of metal hydrides NUCLEAR MEASUREMENTS THE CONCENTRATION OF LITHIUM ISOTOPES BY CHEMICAL METHODS = Molecular distillation of lit hium metal ; Chemical exchange methods Ligquid-solid systems Liquid-liquid systems Continuous countercurrent electrolysis Continuous countercurrent electromigration Thermal diffusion R R e 32 32 32 32 33 33 38 38 44 45 45 46 46 46 47 47 48 iy i1 12 LIST OF FIGURES 100% H,0 Meutron Attenuation 100% H,0 Gamma Attenuation Meutron Energy Spectrum of Mock Fission Sourcs Neuvtron Energy Spectrum of Po-Be Source Corrosion Capavle Assembly Gold Lined Cup Pneumatic Tube &pparatus Pneumatic Tube Apparatus Prneumatic Tube Apparatbus Source Shield Dissosciation Preszure of LiH Migsociation Pressure of Zrfiflhgg 3 i1 18 oAy s WA i e [+ Gt e e T S Nt IS o2 e LN %3 i i ) . k e e o e I Lo VR U S v h Lo % ES = i o b AR P 15 o ot X - (S 3s b ¥ g & [ o Nt K B ak ‘3.t H K b o o] & Y ¥ Heat Tramsfer. An experimental rig for heat transfer studies with lithium at 1800°F is being fabricated from stainless steel, type 347. A canned rotor liquid metal pump is also being constructed, using a liquid film bearing. Metallurgy and Materials. A number of static corrosion tests have been made in which nickel, zirconium, iron, tungstem, tantalum, molybdenum and columbium have been exposed to liquid lithium and bismuth for four hours at 1800°F. The next series of tests will be conducted at 1800°F for 40 hours. The first results with liquid lithium indicate best resistance in iron, mo- lybdenum and zirconium; however, the data are still very preliminary. The question of purity of the liquid lithium is now under study. With liquid bismuth, zirconium was severely attacked. Dynamic corrosion test equipment is now being constructed for measurements under convective circulation conditions in liquid bismuth and lithium. Cor- rosion._harps are beiné made of various stainless steels as well as V-36 and L-605 alloys. Equipment is being designed for stress-rupture and creep tests. Preliminary tests are underway to find container materials for liquid uranium- bismuth and uranium-lithium alloys. Radiation Damage. Accelerator experiments to determine radiation damage "in various high temperature materials will shortly get underway at Berkeley and at Purdue. Various high temperature materials will also be placed in the Hanford reactor soon. An experiment is being designed for simultaneous radiation damage and heat transfer tests of circulating lithium system in the ORNL reactor, A high-intensity gamma source has been developed for use with the ORNL reactor, This is ahollow gold cylinder, which after irradiation for one week, produces 10%,z/hr upon materials at its center. Data on change in electrical properties of various irradiated plastics are presented in this report. Preliminary measurements have been made on the radi- ation-induced dissociation of lithium, titenium, and zirconium hydrides. Nuclear Measurements. Preparations are underway for the neutron cross- section measurements needed in ANP work. These will involve use of a 5 Mev Van de Graaff accelerator and a high-speed mechanical velocity selector. L1’ separation. The work at the Y-12 Research Laboratory on the practi- cality of obtaining EEEEEBEFlots of highly purified Li’” by chemical methods is discussed in this report because of the possible application of this metal as an aircraft reactor coolant and moderator. | Separation methods under study in- AT TS ET T e ISt~ 0T L1 metal, 1on exchange methods, countercurrent electrolysis and electromigration. The most promising system so far is a uae . mo liquid-liquid exchange column using dual-temperature for continuous opération. 3 ! SHIPLDING NEY BULK SHIELD TEBTING FACILITY ¥. B, Breazeale, J. L. ¥Heem,* B, P. Blizard A proposall{is?} reguesting permission to build a new bulk shield testing facility has heen transmitted to the ARO., The initial reguest was sent on December 21, 1949, and a supplement on February 10, 1958, Formal approval has net yet been received. The proposal described a critical assembly made up of MIB fuel units sperating in & pool of water which also contains the bulk shielding samples. This low power, water cooled snd moderated {pavtiallyl}, bervilium exide re- flected resclor serves as a fission source for seutron and gamma ray attenua- tion measurements through bulk shielding sawmples and through mock-ups of practi- cal shields. A maximum opersting power level of 10 kw i1s suggested. Caleoulations by E. Greuling and M. Edlund indicate that this reactor is inherently safe. They have investigated theoretically the result of instan- taneously adding 2% Ak {effective} when the resctor is just critical and operating at 10 kw, The conclusions are that it will oscillate at a mean power level of not greater than 130 kw, Reactor control circuits will be similar to those now under test in the MTR Mock-Up. Expesrience gained in operation of this mock-up will be applisd to design of the reactor for the shield testing facility. ¥f early approval for construction is received, it is expected to have the sguipment in operation by fall {1854). Tt is planned to investigste first a mock-up of a service shield complete, as far as practicsble, with ducts, control parta, etc., to determine whether or not it provides the desired attenuvation., NEPA has agreed, upon our in- vitation, to supply this first mock-up, which presumably will resemble the ‘eurrent concept of an sircraft shield., Following this, & series of messure- ‘ments will be made on bulk ssmples to obtain dste pertinent to the snalytical ‘problsms connected with shielding., Farther work will be planned to meet pro- blems which arise in connection with nuclear siveraft and submarine designs, SNEFA Porzenasi, (13 A Propoval for New Bulk Shield Testing Facility, ORNL CFad8.13.93 (Dee. 21, 1948), {23 Supplement &5 Proposael for Bull Shield Tosfing Feeility, ORNL CF-80.2-1% (Fab. 8, 183D}, 8 3 fl 3 3 i . » -, v =4 s s -l % =y . ‘ b k= P e o esed, . v ad 7] o P o o & o o) Py et e o “ 22 =] Yod P po] 43 w b P o 3 " P 2., - 7 x WA . R TR - - SRR < L - i o b , . 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A4 Loy e n: ped gl Gy oA e ] o & = Gl [ o w &y W o L b & s e S W b " P d e te. St P y . % sged I P ! Py ; = bt bey iy ¥ s 5] < giof A PR 1] ) o “ \;w i = - "y el 4 (e oy 4 ] - fnd he e L N - ru et L Y - 3 =5 e ...u [2x] 5 = o o a - o . AN LS . . hedos [ ] i) ! Wi i g % s Y fl.m “i a0 Ly iod . g o Y] " [ ;. - . = ’ w3 < A s ol - o sy s & P o ot P . P ] - e &4 5o ot o B~ S ¥ & et o e e g8 55 4 d - 4 o pod e = &t -t Yocha (9% G, & _\.@« P e b [+ - o a3 £ [ P . a “ - ¥ "y B Y. * .\ . ; wei 't !.n.w o et M\\.b Mw.\\ kel (4] £ s g T I A i bk ke, el e o . - 3 * i P e s “ @ g om #® g ooy i P . ot ) * o 21 b b ) o e L3 “ 4 whes fEd ene 4 p o — ) s . ) oz L] 1] Tajee L 'S it 5 B 3 = o N N 5 4 e e o anea s - & - TR % i 4] ~ ¥ 3 S gy e LERT L M £ ox o 1Y 3T & X i P ot s o & kW o TN Serve 0 o iy [eRali fei & i £ ru, ond ol NEUTRON FLUX (NV) 10 0.l 01 il mnl FHHHT[ flmnq TIIHHI[ IHTHITFT mfl”l [ I””-”l Tmlml lrflflfll 1 rflm[ o o ® et [E— 0 — —— C—— —— —_— e e FIG. 1 100% H,0 NEUTRON AT TENUATION 28" DIAMETER FISSION SOURCE e — COUNTER MEASUREMENTS & — FOIL MEASUREMENTS ¢ — COUNTER INTEGRALS ° — HURWITZ INTEGRAL R RELAXATION LENGTH 9.6cms CURVE ASSUMED FOR HURWITZ CORRECTION ON POINTS BEYOND Z2100 RELAXATION LENGTH fhalinall il cig i A _gld \\ d | ILHHI] | HJJlll‘_ lJlJJHlJ_ | HJMHJ | IULUJ! ] HHUJ’ l LILHH‘J LHUJI] LllllllJl l IHUJJI f | iI0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 IOO IIO Z cms Hy0 I20 I30 l40 150 l60 ITO IBO R PER HOUR 100 10. 1.0 40 l FIG. 2 I00% HO GAMMA ATTENUATION ¢ — SOURCE + BACKGROUND A — BACKGROUND © — SOURCE CENTER LINE \ & — SOURCE INTEGRAL e Je e Thaft oo e o H 60 80 100 120 140 DISTANCE IN CM FROM SOURCE 12 B ] k] 3 doh o iopn; et 2 - o) o - 7] 7R e BT A B o 4 at o ) an b= - =] BF eged e P P o, [ . o] 5 P w ol 3] b . P s ey & E 2 4 ar ey G &5 = ] e i ! i, %! o %= - a T P g ) .. 3 o e P W s o @ £ A y b ks N y @ I S = 63 i - e vt & - hid t24 L e LM . o & & < [ = E . = By o ta ot - -, ; o o b . . ; % 3 i okl 2 @ i e woH P -~ ” b [ = edrd an % A o o o d a Q\ ) s ) P u\. . M ‘il [ A g i3 2] Z Wy o et ) o 43 . 1] ] hat at s . d o A %= Pa— ded i - I 2 o, o A i werd fad . Faid © [ - ] w ) ot e @ = “ F 4 . e ) P = "*oma, 5 N - 2 ey 4 P d 3 - B 4 i o w2y B s z e @9 ot En bl For} ‘ 44 [ P . ba] - S ] . L] -, & 5, - I . o i d P 5 %] Pt e G by o L MM @ - @ w e . # 4 * 4 e - ¢ [T -~ P - \A el o a o ke reies \x e - St ° i e o F . e . . % N 5 & pocd o B4 @ 24 s Ly Lo g - e 0 s - 4 bt - * o o By e - P B e o ] et b bt o] - et e P - i % # ] prrs . ) - et By 3 0 o et = P o a4 < taei e a0y sy ) = . 3 s P o a @ oo = @ - 5 A : ol b o 43 £ . dnd “ o L = i b 5 . b= o ) s s Wt B bt - S w = p ot o P 2 P Y P 4 A R % mo o s @ ot b4 ¥ o o £ o o g, 2. o Py b bl P p M e o 4 ; i i & el [} b fead o P ] o A iy o] i v e - i 3 e fat P P = by 4 ed el T - s el e P [V v “ s ] 2] et w5 et RO FCI - B M s oE B et “ Fi7] )] Ly e o e P 2 . o cn, = o G = [ ., I -y S ek - P i = leay oy o ES i e e o, = e frd et i et . e ¢ et o B e 4 ») i bl fods wed Gt B % Py ot wagrd; ) - i fiy Al e Brmen & s v o & = “ o e & B i Wt e s . s Ges PR g - . " g A ot o CR 1O B B e P P g G L ot [l V3 o " P - - i v e ot Pl o ot % [%39 Eoe> ~a ..U @ il - 7 o 2 . e w P et i b i e o -l P P Ml - B - G 3 w3 eed = 3 A e g 4 > e - P ea i - ‘. e @y Gui 4 ,m. . o _ e b & i 2 Lot P . G : e 4 s = @ % bt “ b et [ vt LR o [y ] o mw w oW b ea gt i . o o = £ = 2 £ 3 08 u B i s N oy @ - - = . N“ ) 43 oy .W\, oy P . A o 3 b3 @ B e GO - ; i’ : p 7 & @ o 4 @ B W H o4 @i » 5 P it (23 “% b . @ o [ oo - PRI o £ - - L e Yy o H ol LA™ m 4 s i - Sk o e [P 2] = o5 S, e 3 i 4 g e ke y . I s .. el by - " ; A ol T o B ) @t N o [ i H D - - () “b\ M i e IS bl i) L] & +! Py Pautd d N d oy ] fod oo P o, d 77 (5 ari Py " ol (A o % £l = 2 o 5 ) i 4) . i e Y % fs} o o =) o~ ; L 5 i ; “ & " o e bt A o gy = - i w & d ol b s i e ] 4 = o2, g i ot s 3 o ey " = < e w2 i &3 W P fet - > @ * ’ el v ] i . P 5 - 2] o . - oy d ] gt . o v om o ow = o - T & K w13 L . i . . . i & L Eoh P o pt o S ') 2 ] L] " : P o g Nt . " %= Y . i L P @ P ] % \; ~y Foojorn - Lt s P - ; o s e W e S n.n, [ “ e (2% b i ) [ e o o G o] BEy e g b - A Y At i L™ iy s > E o] el - s (2 o b " B ) RGN S i % et Wy o gef iy ] o g o o] ; E o P s, 2 P P ] e, G ) # - z [ B .w. G e et § e G P ¥ il i ] (32 @ o R =) =3 o e " ...n,\ g e P i L] P o - b W W B ta oy o Hoom [22] w4t - o o e St a@ ;8 ® #ioe Gk bk “i i ey P Ly A an ool o) o N i i P i P w B # O &L o 0® LI i : - o g e i & Py PR A I ) o e - - o [79) £ ke Pe] o wnd ‘ “ z .‘W sos. g L] et ] o] o e ed Iy v oo " PR . o . W b B 4 ot @ “= B . - it ] ot w e et e a3 4 % W % 9 &y - :.‘\..\, Gt & E7 ™ @ 4 43 7 " w w A o t : ms\ il . P> @ W % PR - P . ) . CL R - P & B4 M %] . . Y RN R 43 ’ ; o, e g o ot In the measured integrsl case the measurements sample radistion at all ‘angles from the source plane, wheress for cemterline measurements we sample only those within the angle subtended by the socurce and presume knowledge from these data about radiastion emanasting at greater obliguity. The latter leads to an over estimste of the contribetions at lasrge source radii, so that one would expect higher corrected centerline determinmations relative to integrals. This effect would be wmore evident at lerge £ than swall and move evident far gammas than neutrons due to their longer relaxation length., Both thess effects sre cbserved in the datae. Tt should bhe noted in sddition that this longer re- laxation length means that more terms must be used to snorrect the centerline messurements., The fission gammas would be partislly self-absorbed in the ursnium source in sucha way as Lo concentrate the escaping radiastion about the normal. Since the uranium iz neot s flat plste, but rather a collection of 1.l-inch diamster slugs, a qusntitative calculastion of this collimation effect has not been made. Summartizing, the centerline corrected neutvon water dats agree very well ‘with measured imtegrals., The gammas show higher corrected centerline measurse- ments than integrals, which canm be expleined by either self-abseorption celli- mation in the socurce, or by the fact that the medium is semi-infinite and not infinite as is reguired for the corrvection, or by both of these. Within these limitations, the different determinations of gamma and neutron attenuation are in good agreement. The gemmas eppear to be somewhat hsrder than would be ex- pected from previous measvrements. Spurce Powsr. The plate of urasnium slugs which is used as a source of neutrons and gammas for the lid tank operstes at a power determined by the im- cident thermal flux. Recent improvements in messurement mebhods, using better values of the slug specific heat have indicated that the plate opesrates at & ¢ 1 watts when the pile power is 4200 kw. This measurement should be improved within the next month or two. Lead-Sater Hossurements. Two ratios of lead and wster, 18% asnd 26.7% Pb by volume, have been surveved making only centerline messurements, and indio cations arve {1} that secondary gemmas are apparsnt s the 26.7% Pb ratio, but not the lower one, and {2} that an even higher lead comcentration will prove to be the eptimum for s shield using only thesse components. These preliminary data have been used by the analvysis group to estimate weight of anm sircraft shield,(®? {8 Vide infre, Jhielding dnalysie, 14 o P P Y ] b= g Cobed ey e, o © - Ay 5 ‘ i g f fl 4 "~ a3 6% emnd . Y Pt Pl ok an - £~ o . e | s bt * 2 o 7 P b ) ,i h. oo R W e L) @) 0 B B ) B P iy R T i m gy 5 w0 P . - i ' s o o &3 o . P o - Y Yoo [ mom cpet Bt gl PR o [ A ¢ b WA : . « vz o bt i § 5 gu p . s . 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" et . il [&] oot < gl Py o o] o b o P ‘ - oo gt b e s = el = g i * A - g g [ 4 i - 4 o - o, o ! i 2 s gy e o . 5 i o & b Geed 4 [l @ bebe il o %) ) = st 59 B E . kY e oo " P N Cooes ’ - -4 P oy ” - % oy ol ) G o o ook Gt P e £t 4 4 a3 Ll aa - it o o ? = £ s ity P s poed o ) P [ pied - Pt it ) - gy . ot s s .P., oy T4 e o) bt o " ay - e a3 4 G - . 4 e et St 4 B3y “ A i wred bl o o o . w5 to, ) s oy ) e Yok . < - b v} o s ) bt s i Lt & ¥ Ead P pibod, bt o oy o Faoa o} e ey 3 fl. o &3 " : fi A s a5 : e z ; [ s Iy o 43 oy a - P Py ¥ 4 I .fih J P @3 o] oy \\ ey I I s ot Py . M (> - s i i -2 ut i ” . . o~ . . ) . ” . e et ] o oo o5 B W Y O Pt & Y A I * B T % s by - 39 s Y ) . . Y o L2 . Gt P o P -+ o o . 6 I - B gy e ey O 7o i i L m wm W = 2 ot w PO e bei v# PR @i peed " > e gy e (o) o P ; ; e b s el B o} - i ] . S L8 ._.L ] L] © " \ o \.\ e oy dud 5 e o] ] wd By - b . P g o . P . : Pl s . 1 A s o e 43 i . pelad ol i [ 2] B & feit whea W Lo Py ok o 23 P i = o ot P v bk N e 78 . e, p [ < gy P et . [ N w G, . o Boa ol = @ g m T g e e o b - s g w N e - Pl [ . C A ¥ - s, P ] % ”~; [ o s an ! o wn ed - ) 4 [ b @ W Ll P - 4 2= - L “ =y o o G S - 1 43 o s gy o z V) ‘ — G N 4 ey - - bosd ay 54 4 . 5 - -~ red 7] o, e [22x h ] et i b L] 4] " b= = P v “ ot o B b IS L) d . . o5 j % . Htead . Lo Fid) . e, . - d - P s et . P Bh H gy e a1 el &y eeed a4 o ] o s w2 L ) & b o ] S 24 #o e Moo ™o B im0 e £ = G et e & o i - o = iy 9 LY I & . ‘ et ] [ et ~ “t , i L. P ol ent g b R L] N d &, s 5 2 . ojrue] 2 P o - P as P gy a s . J e o an et pe % T it 5 e s porl % g @ 4t [ . @ - 5] o @ o e hEd b B2 P ot i > iy i LX) B o) WA e " e ] 2] @ =1 i ot prer oz e . B o P - oy et s wh ek e 3 e b= . =] ‘ A 5 o - it et S TR . e o T g = i o g - [ 1= g N Lo el e ” a8 it N o s, o - P -y E s (s - 9 " a - o, e om T PO B % w B ol RS T R o 2 i W = o E 2 Sl ™ e . e P and ) 7 oy ) . o P . 4 e 4 P - i o Torm i o o @ S o - o R [ = ) o ) i 43 [ 7 5 .n\ - gk e, P Py P e bt S Ly e . P % i £ e L = ] F 5 i 3 e et P e — e g bl L 541 o pn P 4 p el L] s E b Fot 5] £, L b R a ] oy (% * ; - u i <) By e 4 e At Gl - iy W 7 e o] @ Lo i P P T o dordt bt P el ; 3 [ 7 S & . b 4 prian i s J— ot - Sef [-2) et Y < o gl P " Sa’ s Lo ' o) - N = o o 4 s e () P vabeey e E)] to it a1 o .wuu P i~ bt 2+ [en P i e o G el Zor P « i B et i s bex P e i ¥ “ P Py b k e o I L i e e L] . P Al . . =1 I e yalriat sy G kol bw] wioini) oy . tlof = ke P ‘mfi P oz T P H s, Pmg 5 45 23 oy P o %} . wa : P A i e i ¢ v i = - i : wow " o P , b Py 4] P [ 0 P, a3 et i wred G mas . e - : o w w4 D e py el 4 o1 o~ B = B = 5 s w ; B e A R R o o I Y- S C RN YO - cEd ke . s - it u 6 e : ) A ot . i Yo . [ - ey 771 g . . el G it ey 2 v ¥ For ke 43 . 53 4 & ¥ bl g \ % e “ i e o] a3 Py @ &z [ hed : P o G = P o ¥ Ly e e oy - P ot ] o] sad % wnleiag ] P P -] ] el ; o P ‘\n.u PR Y i - . i . o [i¥) 2 7] ~\> o 2] ,..un Y \w. o o L o a oy s 4 gt e, a1 e P bt 3 oy 4 = a . o o] IS y o wy e T 4 i - = 2 ol o o 4 ) et [o] - it ] ] B a3 { By [+ po [ ] 8 - - Bt g | S R o ] pl - - o it ™ - . . it L . ot i B ) e &% o . o e e v - 3 o e b caad o - - 7 e i A eord & o o ! B @ ot P ] i W\ bt e ] @ [ b sfim % W.. oot H i 5 £ . - " . o . 51 P ) b, 2 4 G - . s, ) H by . . o e L= s . 4 23 g = n foet S, A i M" ek e 5zt el o o e o’ i e o “ i5 - ol Ak L ) P ; N I ] 'y ' B i i H i i g o oo o % ¥l i A et w G ced ke 32 o R - R R . ok & @ e % P » i i - - 3] 5 o d I [ P , o folony = . i kg .., o [CH B fnt = a8 apd et fad s b eed - Cu Yy - P57 4 i o P o o ” [ ‘ - ] — L Y] ¢ - s P ‘ 7] S . - - 55 . < P 3 a e ] = . \ a5 b o feaa bt % R e o st e P o o . P v o o ) £ - = bl Ay “ia we e ” W . B s B % om0 i w0 = - eI ¥ PO R w e gz ced v > I y s i , v P e - P G L “ot ! ek LN o2 o o 1 o o % 4 bed g @ % = @ ja P oy P P “ bt P 'y o “ s i P s ] o v ! — 74 apd ] u ; £ fae Z @i 74 : Ly 2 B ek bt e P e - ge Tk o fofy {5 11 o ; T gy i [ ) it ot ¥ s s by 5 ] P o P e * d i . Py e o . ek - i . e P = w.\ P ! o4 . Sk fmd P P woih bl et ws ) et el ot e et “u “.n itk ~\, e e 5] £ S E P [+ b ool 5, & fon. -y P o o ) i =] o o P ay e, j ; oo Es gey e - i i i . - v w o P @ w ced . e, - - = ] s fui 4 o D, ves . - 5 s L b . . . n s " : . oy ) . E (7 8 e wr v e 4ot 4 e 2 one “ert V.t - % W i (%9 o ) PR w,a A 5 P e ey ] : b ey ; : 5 - R %y i o ) g e o o o T \.\\_ ot e, o o e W y ] $ha b7 sl Bt 3 ot * Ay o e Lo, G o ) wd " oo ) oy o i o 0 e e g T e R wek R & e o R BT B fesd & e ) ; . » . ) . e ; o % i bs { s fer @ o (o oAt raed R sy oo P e bl 3 o by i 1 ol b= b s ) ] ol e s e ‘ s - = s o o o pond E N o o 2 e “ A - G ea . £4% 53 Do P h - s 4 - 4 - fi . % L. P ~ ; % @ ) 4 b . w42 L H B @ w erh o w P4 o owm ow @ ; 5, 3 3 Rt y ,.~ v : - é R I ¢ 4 3 5 s PO “ @t [ Iy e ik B . - w “ 2] - . g Py e b it I P = A = o~ B R PR #ed “ fo > . P 4 ot i e 2 sy % ' rh - L ks A o 74 P 2 g Ll P “ o & G B 4 = o = o o B @ e g 2 R i wly . N 5 o, P t v’ . - s 5 . ¥ fi 3 st o, b Yeprd P £ ot £ = P TR ] bl p 4 bl P Py i o o d P 1 \.\ i) s [ . P " I N ‘ 4 W W . o ey e 4 el f% o e s ¢ A ek 4 Ll L & ey R ey A S - [P B - T - B B - by - 0 s . . it ? \ fei o Ao ) & f ted . i o . E 3 oy s w0 it s e - ke a4 ] Bt B y i# P L < T B o cwd e M gy e 2w s i P b)) % I - P P2 Gy e et ) o ” b ) e, Py} rh (<31 ety e P o . ) weed . o e ol ¢ s o bt i o & e 2 - . ‘ o o E [ L oy . f - & . B4 " et = ] P P o o " - Peh I i et aud - . e’ & , -+ I Fm . " 2 K b b 1 & P o o by L, I e ma 2 b 4 o n\ o w6 @ F -, ey o Y g N a i il ok o ! P o ’ o P s . . % £ Mmoo Boun @ @ e D @ o o o B ved gh W ewd eeeq 55 B 4 S # e P N fex 5 'y st o ¢ ., S P (] mm fos] wfi £ o, o o1 L et et o e e o L) * gt P ; i m”\..{ o] o o . e “ %ol . Rl P = e it - L o -4 R 7] 5] @ [ g i a3 o5 y i, o . M s raleny b P F-ox) V4 ’, . - p et p St ; ot i ar £ oy o - - “l 0! foodt ] i 3 Poe] J Fo o 7 A % - e il e b n,.N\. L r4 a1 e . - il e o] i e A e ” e ‘ q . o 7 o o A B EY oo o oeed b i @ e o n - - g3 @3 p f3) b o & & “W._ 4 e ke ] o w5 ok £ P £ o e i oot A ey ol A 5] s Yo pink] o o B - L tonit et - I i o Gy et et Yt - [ 5 M 2d ¢ed] e 3 * . et et e 4 “ o P4 . N “ b @ - . vt - o oy [ar} 143} s e ¥ s ol “ ) () foet [} et . 2 ’ oy i ey ot ol Py s L] 2] n.& " it e -3 ‘ b 3 % - - - P, bt g 5 o g . e o = ros = W oem B o - ! b L S’ N s P [ [ e b Pt . e = Tt )] b Ly 7 Fei W e s - o o A 20y B SR o - . o P A B A BT £ ; oA e 0 B f \s\h [ an Tl Lok, ) oo, . = " ' = Land Pig? it Py Iz « Y L3 ” . Wl 5 @ I ke . hed ] Tae and PR = 43 Forg 1 o = Gl o p o pend) B . gt e 4 a v pod e By ) o » = o oo L] Pl [ od =3 d ar i L ] s 4 ] o iy e o e i . e - W B {5} o . b} e ] = Yo} fnt o , B “ . © gk [ fd s = i "oy , . & 4 - e i . o - - B g . - w b o & o ot 2 ” e L -~ et “ oy “wh o ched kel o £ ! i 43 Fky P ] P it o s 2 i e G ] ] fead il “oa e ., — . £y 2 & - 5 ; e o L. g " Wl w bt ot - g 5 . s iond s s & P ol " ot T i s P o (] e - P ot Gt o o ok b4 ] st ) . i bex et e . best ot «. fowed i, 5 ” ! oad P H - od L Son o ca] et A @ G e & & frbe iy r P o e ek P Pe) .l P o) o~ o Tt Cis) \\ o by j 5 P 9] o g fara P P e Loty o ) - Y ' ; - e, e o PR i3} ) : .- « fod [+ o e e et ot i “y Ll o P 73 ’ &3 ) cpd e oot i L et - ied ; G ] P o N - ool e FRYF) ) P P . . b . (2] = forl e N at oy ) a4y e P24 Ee] @ o) ; o bt 2 ] et S ) - i . k Tt o 2 P ; . 3 hra e b Cae st ot 0 A £y whad e s e o ay et o] [ & @& m i e, i DI - - ) . o = ind LA .y P . L = 1] a9 . b P . % bl fe 1R ] e B B P o Yt o £ - o Eodf ] s o an s e £ 1 Lo 3 1 [ -} et et iy st d Eo £ < @ . ot dr o jonn, k] 3 . o ek , * Pr ) o] ’ s it . b i &2 L ot L7 B b =3 = / 4 fewmey v " ‘ ps ] " ot - P fee, Semnd i e . - o ) oy Sens’ W @ o @ o e o = o % & - P % o #oos 3] ] Ly B L “r d 127 -2 P 3 o] o : b B # [ o £ v st e 5 Yoy £ . £ T ) ey o) ) g = . LR, - o e P [28] o2 pl ”~ 4 , e ! joh o I i b e o 1] “ P i o - 5 o . fed I» o A e - iy B i - il @ - = @ ol - p= it s o ] ) a3 2y e - of a5 £ 3 ] 52 ) i ol 6% ol ok i \ ‘ Tt it e e 5 <2} o) £x T i =) o 4 bt 2 w5 P Gk At Y wden 2 e, =] & ‘ i - o -y o P %l L - e e et b i o i i @ 4 3 R « B ke % ¥ Wy et 2 By 5t 4 o ‘ 2 2% P ] p= o o 4 o st (7] o 4] N . f— a3 o el i b - e & o A s a & ; W ] P Yoow o ay Em be . B #, a et 5 Ph ot et P ha P P piie G L S o it b7 P . ca ¢ g * ey P o 3 s 5 ] o “ . o - fot - & ot = iy, e £ L - deh Fei P 4 o 3 e : iy N v N Yot - Wy W o] ' b - ] e o g o omd - Y 2 &y . st e P o g - 4% ..\\ ! “ o o o e £ P 4 ksl e W 4] o« b . . i . o L o \..w o P2 wothe sl e [ W@ . L = 7 P £f e ot el P k. ., . # * 4 - 4] y 2 d 4 P e “ § <] ot Zat P fkd 43 (4] 15 o= (& I oot 74 ] o = % P e et ; . gt = E P - i % ey : ks P 2 o e ) o - bt i ” L - ) PP e s “ ! o £oq s - = o - 4y D foes Ey [ o i hust ) oo o gl bd 7] b . a P w e = P el ; o s " ] ta vl =4 s g I W eiard 9 oA - o 7 i Lo j o P ot - s s P G ol k] e ¥ o bt ot i F253 P et ¢ [ i@ e A oy e ot oo i ey £ N L] L ry J e 7o Bt Nl . e - o - i et 23 ey “ Pl pr 4 i ol foad an Ay P . P ) [ i s £ % - il ) ey 4t ek PR ] ) A it Wk b P eued - ] ek Yok P ot Bl IS i % s oo P 5 iz " . P . == b s # L) =4 b pacs fl\. b oo @b A L o o L - P i 5 4 . - o i : P ] L 2=t i eara 175 P Gl ) o et . P & ) a “ b o S o @ . Tt < P g A | o k o . o ) i 7} £ Gt . %, b ey . oy g e e '] 'y 2 bt ot e 43 L% o st <71 it L o o B Y o 5 e ot . - 14 ! .o ol . L Boow L e D w ot & G s i B % Ho . s, ’ " - [ b ] £ e L 4 bt Pt brn co ‘ may o o % 2 p et o - R j= o) f “ % s o st et 9y . ] L. Fo @ ] . P o s L) ) ot il e iy thds el s " \ 2 3 sl el 4] R Py ) s . T e Sand [l e 4 Wy e o] o g oo fode; “ By Fop el peed " i “ ) £ ot o i s o Pl P - ] 5 un 2 F5-3 * o gk @ b PN P e e o b} [l L P i C & . . ] s adeay P P ; "y ™ o [ it p el & [ oy =~ “ ) o P ¥ . oo . . ‘ o o o) - h . = A e ey s .“‘.&.“ [ o) " b . Fei i N : end ] o) Y = &3 “r s 7 . B Pw e Ve & o ol ad fe) an % . o - Yha PR A u e ot 4= Y ; ¥ * 4 . . . o] P hid P fd o] o P &y " a3 5] ’ 5 . - & & P )t be @t ol o T ér bed il foried 5 s ] ~ o Gt P figd " Simibid ') ) 2 o o tog w -l o P - e i3 o [ ek a P - Gy o it . . . { ; (] 7 NP -, oo O e g m D b A - o8 - ey a " . J 4o P et [o] 2 ” - ks = P Ly 2 b+ . E oy [ [ B o 23 5 Yo >3 A Yae . Vo & . - -] i /AR = P N e v, 5 ot d i , ! e 5 t P (] e ) b = ol bt e e @ ol Pt 5 s et @ - groal gy 5 =4 AR 9 i o G da 5y . . ] By o e . R P s o oy Yok et P b e * 4 b= " for) - " P b oo} i “s - o 3 o G o i P o 4 . 0“3 e 2 ol [ I e fo - e e o roi 4 ol iy e b e e i e o I~ PO A & E e etery z & . ] bea o 2 o * 1) 0 P ) - e K - et = P = il L et ™ " L e P [N “ et o “ & . Lok W erd . el “ i i Lo 4 o o PR eri kel o \ns * jouf - A ok ] » e o 3 o . o & o d I» et t 0, ] e P P R O A PYR 4 W # o - = e w6l o R~ R % 5 Z % Py o 3 TIPS -, S b= & N~ R = jr = g b ek @ g Yeurdot b .y ) g o P * .\ vt o B I iy e ] b =t fond . [ i L - Sy ot (o] . & i 3 v ; ) o -~ hos s o ] I3 = it W 4 [+ » bt % et @ [ 5 " Ly & ereed ' o ¢ < f P o~ it » g i et “w L) a, ] s et P e Pt sord o . ‘ & 745 d , o . s " 5 w e e £ A b WooE e T P 3 .= el ot oo st et & P 0 & - eng oy # foa 2 i [ S 5 B & M\. o P - s '’ i g - oy N o v >3 oy 4 (573} L L] B v ey el o ik 4 i P with Dr. Bichard Albert and Dr. Theodors Welton of the Westinghouse Submarine project, and these investigators have been able to fit more recent lid tank data with 2 "one cellision and out’™ theory., These recent lid tank dats refer to various compositions of lead and water, and iron and water. The theory is not believed to be applicable to shields containing ahigh percentage of nstural boron, becauas the nstural boren is, for high nevtron energies, essentially a scatterer, and the asbove theory reguires that the "absorption™ (including de- gradation by hvdrogen cellision oy inelsstic secattering) constitete s major part of the total cross section. The mathematical method outlined im the last ORNL Quarterly report has been further refined and applied to practicsl cesss. This method likewise gives & sstisfactory fit to the preliminasry exparimental datas. Calculations of airplane shield weights have been cvarried out om the basis of H. A. Bethe's paper,’®’’ using total attesuations of e’ for usutrons and ¢'% for gemmes, but ostherwise wsing Bethe's asssumptions. (The attenustions used by Bethe weve higher by a factor of 10 which was due tn his assumption of 30 ft resctor-crew-separation, whereas separation of 100 £t mow appears fessible.}? The weight of 87 long tons for s lead-water-shield arcund a 2 ft radivs reacior was computed in this way, in satisfsctory agreement with the weights computed from preliminary lid tank data, A limited amount of time was spent on cslculstions regarding the possible £, 3387 use of hydrides in shields, az well as on comparison of wranium-horon and wolfram-boren shields.?*%) The following OBNL reports sere issued: Capture Gomme Fays, B. P. Blizard, ORNL-419 {December 23, 1949}, Canadien Measurements of an Iron-Water Shield, E. P. Blizard, ORNL-438, {Jan. 3, 1950}, Measurements on Hanferd Type Shields, E. P. Blizerd, OBNL-430 (Februsry 22, 1950}, (31} Beths, W A., Heport on the Statue of Shielding Infernation for the NEPA Project, OENL CF-48.8.148, ( Fuse 10, 18485, {313y Brgen, ¥. E., Some Donsiderciiony Regarding the Uee of Uroniss in o Shield, ORNL CF-46.12-58, HEPA STRE-43 (Dec. 13, 19483, {18) Brges, ¥. Eo, snd Podger. 5., Hydrides in Shieclde, ORNL CF.-80-3-31, NEPA STRMS1 (Feb, &, 1980}, {14y Podger, $., Comparisen of Uranius, Boren and Tungsten, OBRL CF30.1.8, NEPA STRE-48 (fan. 8. 1988}, (109 12 v FlG. 3 3 4 NEUTRON ENERGY SPECTRUM - X OF MOCK FISSION SOURGE G 10 = - =L . w < 9 — T e = E 8H— ok / o e :_/ \ e s/ 1) T \ - @ 6%——,’ L I Bt e it ¢ O 5___: \ i - L? \\ - x 4 1 ~= " : Q. ™1 - 0w 3, <5 g I * @ 2-,'- — 2 | Mo - z |- ¥ e T ' e " ] =~ ol g | | ==y o | T 0 2 3 3 5 6 S o ® DWG. 8425 ENERGY (MEV) - @ N ) 5 X 10 NEUTRONS PER SECOND PER CURIE PER MEV 6l e UNCLASSIFIED DWG. 8433 FIG. Y NEUTRON ENERGY SPECTRUM OF Po — Be SOURCE L . e —F—w NL_. 4 5% & 7 8 9 10 It [I2 13 ENERGY (MEV) SHYELDING MATERIALSR 4. 8. Ritzes R. B, €allabery ¥. §. Huilings ¥, L. HcEinney geactor Technoloegy pivision Uranium Hydride Survey. Uranzum hydride (UH,} is being comsidered as a shielding material for nuclesr powersed aivrerafe. The cheice of UH,, however, depends upon a number of factors: {1} Production of non-pyrophoric material in tonnage guantities. {(2) Feasibility of compressing UH, to a density of % g/lec or UH, to a density of 11 gfen. {3} Production of material in such & state, in case non-pyrophoric UH, cannot be produced,that will allow easy handling during cladding of the material. A survey, therefore, was initiated to determine the feasibility of produc- ing uranium bhydride in tonnage gqusntities which would meet the above specifi- cation. This survey has been completed and an OBNL report will soon be issued on the suwbject., Conclusions which may be drawn from this survey are: {1} Most lots of uranium hydride (UH,} are pyrophoric. Some have been made which are not, With additional research and development, non-pvrophoric uranium hydride can probablv be made. Titanium hydride was once considered pyrophoric, but now non-pyrophoric material is made in tonpesge guantities. {2} The denzity reguirsments can probably be met. Additional development iz necessary however. {3} The material can easily be clad once the pyropheric disadvantage 1is overcome. 1he material is probably non-corrosive. {4) No cost data are available since no large guantities bave besn made with the desired properties. {5} Uranium hydride dis&mciatassnmhaafiimgsxt%fifififig the UH, is in equili- brium with hvdrogen gss at one atmosphere pressure, {6) The radistion stability of UH, is unbnown. By enalogy, 3t is probably as atable as titaniuvm hydride o pile radiations. (7} UH, forms amalgaws with mercury. When mixed with molten,lead, tin or cadmivm, thes uranium and metal alloy releasing bydrogen, 20 Plastics. Twenty sheets, 364 in. X 88} in. ¥ 1/B in. of B U and Tygon {Tybor} bhas been fabricated for the Lid Tenk Experiwents. B,C and Tygon paint are mixed in the ratio of 3 parts B,C to 1 pert paint by hand. This gives 80% B.C by volame. The wixz is cast on a specially designed rolling table and rolled to 8 uniform thickness. Thickness can be varied from 1/18 im, to 1/8 in, Cast sheets are wrapped with cheese cloth for sdditional support and are coated with additional Tygon paint for waterproofing., Tensile streangth of "Tybor" 1s 215 psi and age has no apparent effect on the strength. Elongation ig about 11%. Sheets are guite flexible and can be bent around round objscts without cracking, provided the bends are not sharp, Sheets are tempsrature sensitive, heing more flexible at or slightly above room temperature than at lower temperatures. The material is not brittle at tempsratures of 44-50°F, Expervimental 4 in. ¥ 4 in. » 48 in. sgusvres of tungsten carbide and Tygon have besn made. Hatio of W {/Tygon is I8 vo 1. W0 in the desired particle size range is not commercially available to permit making sheets 58X in. = 46Y% in. X 178 in., but limited peraomnel has postponed this operation. This aize sheet can be made if the W, is screened. Tenzile strength of W C-Tygon sheets will be determined to see whether or not a sheet 5684 in., X 66% in, » 1/8 in. can support its own weight, The sheet will weigh approximately 150 lbs as compared te 25 lbs for B L-Tygon sheet of eguivalent dimensiona. Other plastics, such as polvethyvlene, polvstrene and bakelite will be used as the binding materials instsad of Tygon. These materisls are more stable to radi~ stion than Tvgon, Two B0, Tygon sheets, 35 dn. ¥ 5§ dn. » 3/8 in., bave besn fabricated for the MTR Mock~Up critical experiments. These sheets were very difficunlt to < meke dus to the hygrossopicity of the B,0,. Ratic of B0, toTygon was 2 to 1. oy Tests indicate that B,0, is not as stakle to radistion as B U which apparently %1ill preclude 1ts wase for high level irrsdistion applications, even though it costs about 15 cents/lb cowmpared te §4.50/1b for B C. goncretes. The concrebe work was kept to a minimum during the last quarter, FExcept for service work no projects wers initisted. A special MI concrete was wade for H, P, Sleeper, KAPL. The compuosition is as follows: f.ead Shot hd 8% Wi, Stainless Steel Scrap 1.7 Mg O 8.2 Colemanite 8.2 Mg €1 (28° Be-Solu} 1.1 Calgon Solution . 08 & TLY A3 4 o = S o e P CORCYSe Y L =Y fariy = Fyo B ~ o e A N e W b} —_— re vy e ano P more oo .3 3 o o = W G £ H w r g T S ¢y ta, 4 £ 4, ! O U { 7, - kN o k] \‘_.f 0 o - ”l R 2 & K3 > ¥ assumed to be reached when no loss in weight of the cement was detectable, The cement was hested up to 300°F, and again eguilibrium was assumed when no iose io weight wes vobiced. The temperature was then dropped to 200°F, and the sample was allowed to come te eguilibrium, raised to 300°F, etec. The test was continusd for 37 davs. The tests will socon be run in e newly designed apparatus which will allow for the accumulstion of wore sccurate dats. pabrication of Seral (8, ¢ + a1y, Boral, ss described im ORNEL-242,038) 4g an engineering material for the sbsorption of thermal mevtrons without pre- duction of hard gammas in a form which allows easy heat removal. Large scale experimental vrolling was attempted at Lukens Steel Co., Usatesville, Ps. Two large ingots 27 im, ¥ 36 im. % & in. were scheduled for rolling into sheets, 56 in, % &6% im. X 3716 im. { was 8 failure. A second rolling is being scheduled for the latter part of Jord = Ine ingot was rolled inm December but the rolling February. Precauntionary messures are beisg taken to imsure a suvecessful roll- ing the next btime. The picture frame which cenfines the ingot has been incressed from 1 in. to 5% in. in thinkness; the covers {cladding) hasve been increased from ¥ in., te ¥ in. thick. Proviasion has been msde to insert a thermocouple in the center of the ingot in order to be able to ascertain the true temperaturs sf the core prier te rolling. A temperature of 1100°F at the cemter of the core waterial is desired before rolling., Closer time schedules have been warked out so that the ingots will be exposed to the westher conditions for a minimum length of time. Tt is believed that the second rolling of these ingots will be succesafel, The rolled sheets, 58} in. x &84 in, * 3/16 in. will be used in the Lid Tank Experiments. JInguiries have been received from other sites; Brookhaves, Argonne, Hanford and KAPL have ewxpressed anm interext in acguiring large guasntities of Boral sheets, An estimate of the cost of fabricating a Boral sheet {58-50) is about §15/F¢t?, Yt i1s slso estimated that a sheet of boral, 1/8 in. thick will sttenuste thermal nentrons by a factor of 10%. In many cases, sn attenuvation of 10% or 10% is all that is necessary. A program is being initisted therefore to develop "Borals™ with lower B,C content. These Borals should have better rolling characteristics, structurasl properties, thermal properties and lower cost because of the lower B,C contents, Thermal condugbivity specimens have been made by hot pressing B,C and Al powder ina grapbite die st 1200°F. Preliminsry data indicates that the thermal conductivity of Boral is 86 BTU/hr-f¢*-°F/fr. These tests will be duplicated {15) MeEimney, ¥o L. end Rockwell, Theodera, YEI, Boral: 4 New Thermal Xeutron Shield, omnl 242, {Aug. 31, 1849), e 3 for other specimens. Yo the same tewmperatore range, low carbon steel iz 35 and Al is 118. Specific heat of Boral is 0.175% BTU/°F-1b. The thermal conduc- tivity of B0 with B,0, as a binder, Al, and mixtures of B,C and Al {amount of Béfi varying from 10% - 50%} will also be determined. This work will alse be duplicated for Plumbor (B0 and lead}. Tensile specimens of Boral have been removed from the pile after & and 8 o~ wee ks exposures in the isotope strimger. The tensile strength of the apeci- mens were determined after cooling for 2 days {3 mr/hr in %' s and & mr/hr in 5's un comtact). HBesults are sheown in the following table: SPELIMEN TENSILE STEREEMNGTEH {ib/in" ) UGriginal Avg., H000 § weeks Avg. 6335 8§ weeks Avg. T500 Additional samples have been placed in the X-10 pile and will be removed after 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months sxposure. Sawmples are also being sent to Hasford for exposures of 3 wmonths, 10 months and 20 months. Samples of the "poor wman’s™ Horal, "Boroxal® {Ezfig and Al}, have also been irradisted. These samples however, were less stable to pile radistions, the tensile strength decreased from 2800 psi to 2050 psi after 8§ weeks ex- posuve in the pile. "Flumber™ (B, C & Pby. "Plumbor™ sheets (50% B O & 50% Pb) have been made, Methods for incerporating H0% B U into Pb are being studied. Thermal and physical properties of the Plumbors will be measured. Reports Yssused, The following report was issued during the past guarter: Construciion of Uheap Shields; A Surwvey by Theodore Bockwell, ¥YIY¥, OBNL 243, {Januwary 16, 19%350;. The material on shielding for Nucleonics is assembled and three copies are being sent to Chivagoe for pre-declassification of shielding work. 24 HEAT TRANSFER Regetor Techuology Divisien Beat Tramsfer Theory (H.0. Claiberme}. Theoraticel work on hest tranafer has consisted of a study of fluid flow and velocity distribution in conduita. It is oma knowledge of the velocity distribution in tubss and between parallel plates that liguid metal heat transfer theory is based. and s knowledge of velocity distribution in channels of other shapes will aid in studying heat trensfer in these chennels. Principal efforts have been directed toward empirical expressions for velacity distribution in circular tubes which might provide insight into the veloeity distributien in other channels. Erxperisental Hest Tramnsfer (€. P. Coughlen). FEguipment for hest transfer studies with lithium st temperatures wp to 1800°F has been designed, and work has sterted on the fabrication of variocus cowponents. The rig will be & figure-of-eight system, with by-passes around the test exchanger for contrsl of the flow retes and for vapid alterstion of temperstures betwesn tests. In sddition, & temperature conirol exchanger will be located between the test sst up and the pump. Jts purpose will be to permit operation of the pump at a lower temperaturs and to provide accurate centrol of the tempersture into ths test sxchanger. The pump and test exchanger will be connected into the system with {langes so that they can be changed to alter the test conditions. Stainless steel, type 347, will be used throughout, in the absence of wmuch corrosion information with lithium., The asystem will be operated at lower temperatures and watched closely for signs of excessive corrvosion before being operated at 18U0°F. Liguid Hetzl Pusps {4. RB. Frithsem,™ R. N. Lyom}. Several spprosches ars being studied in the development of e satisfactory liguid metal pump for heat tranafer experiments. Such a pump might also be satisfactory for the final reactoy as well, although reguirements for the two installastions are not gimilar. Efforts have been divected toward developing s completely encloasd pump, thus elimineting the shaft seal problem. While slectromagnetic pumps show lesa promise for the ANP program than for other spplicetions, s study was made of the possibility of & pump utilizing the pressure gradient across a liquid metal stream which is carrying & current of electricity. Preliminary ® W%, Alr Farce persennel, results indicated that only low pressures could he realized and work on this tvpe was shelved. Construction of 8 canned roter for a pump is sbout half completed. The guestion of which of twe types of bearing te use in the pump cannot be anawersd until the completion of tests which are now in progress. Both bearings force the shaft to turn on a laver of liguid, preventing selid-sclid contact. {One requires liguid to be forced into the besring snd is guite similar to bearings being developed at Allis~Chalmers. The other bearing vtilizes the viscosity of the liguid to create sufficient pressures to keep the shaft from contact with the bearimg., This type of bearving is also being studied at General Electrie. An induction pump uwsing moving magnets is under consideration. This would be a helical pump similar to an induction electromagoetic pump being developed at Generval Electric. Liguid Betal Handbosk (R. N. Lyen). Editing of the bhandbook on use of liquid metals and the compilation of a chapter on liguid metal heat transfer has resched a point where potential publishers are being sought with the aid of the AEC and ONE in Washington. All chapters are expected to be complete and in the editors’ hands by March 1. 26 4 ] Pt or L] = fia ot o ek ] P et o o ' ) . P 7 . m. - 7} .”.H“ oot R il i 4 # prnd b i st i P bt o :. AT LTV LV o ‘i P i i P . peed P . b P s Sost g e a3 - P - - far) o “ P e & = R el O i 4 L ek P * s e P ] ke ., b . [» L) e o] 4 fed ot . ;) el o F5 an s ; ] 3 et = = e 9 e P \N 5 o et P Yoot : e » prid i} k] e oo e o - a3 v ejon] 2 o = - “ i w PV - B - w4 L e o 55 adenah Py L] e £ v - % it o e g =1 = j P F] Ly a o - g " e e bl % " " y - @ wd 0 P i y ) o 4 g o &t 5 P gkt et ey pr s Py v o ‘v PP R— - A . . . b h. HQ = i Cdod, oy ) p e . y b by o] = R o ) 9 A ‘ A feeri o an » - . P id a2 i o ) o] ) “ g L ] Py o P ok . Z ad o o P o) " okt £ . b ol paaca - i L] .w\ p— 5 ot 4 , T EE ) 7 - deat ok e ) 5 w g g e A N @ ol W b g4 s @3 " e - % prEY -, =t 9] - @ =os g & o . ) - R . e s ] whea PR - e - . o - p L S ] B2 o it ~ et bee = pot W i e 2 | P Eors, o g S J s x a = Wy ™ o sl SO ) . - ¥ Sed o o P . e o oo g oy e} ied ot et ot ] . @ e i ] = [ wpd (Y b 4 P p - - w e B d . T et ~ ‘. L] . 3 : cont e Bt 4@ @ P =% ) e o e . P tap o G e b I3 iy Ll & ekt [E7] - P ot P i 4y o o elint @ o & - e @ ! P o : " n o P 28] ] By a4y Lia] o P - bR - ? . i ! hod 5] et , L] ot Foye) =) 3] & et & i s P 58] P - &= b boxh o, el od P “ o @ e ] [t 53 N ! P 3] . z] F] |2 ot 5y A m ] . fooa ) pe] ) - b =t oy S - Kl 3] Yt “@ P : & Py e i . £aa b4 & i = wor B e - b’ 4 o ; — & ) " . . b o4 ot ] "l P “ et o &.“, £y P = . Ay [ ] y et o o ot i AR A TS e @ s moow o) i w [ K4 el At ” a4 . P “ o doct £ . Ll ) bk i et . 5] - [h] radedd k tdfie ey (] rarh L] . Yy o = - ik wd et Y e - et L, W PR T 4 g - 553 . peed i ‘L e g . B oo el “ ® o oy o8 7 oo o R e " . - @3 e ~ o et B . B s i o 2 e P 4 - i P - s.».\. e 2 “ 9 - i pdas; o3 o b s - for e e o R o > ; . 2 o g e, R % I~ 5 : it . o ¥ s . 8 0 e £ “ ol “ P y ) . i — &b 4 zau @) . " g b , F) e o] i A Gy . ey feei] . 13 . P w o) et = #g Ay & eert v &2 k ) o e s p i R (] o j ot e - P ’ [ i ol iy e - o P2 - cied P L - w2 = Fo) - bt " ) a1 o Lo E] -2 - g iz 4 i ., @ - o o w - o “gad - - - S} o P o P e % P el e Iy o @ dowdt [ ) it o %) ] 63 o % 2> iy = - rapd - ot 2% L “ ] o] ot P Gt (& i ol o grd 2z b ax (3 g oo 4 2] bt g} - o ] A o - O oy % - o = PP o o o : b , o " Pl o %) Yoy n i P o % a5 w P! w o P & i N & ’ & a3 & h&\ . ] iy e e s d e fad - (41 gt i P o e 4 o, P e P (o] by it Iy . Tt [ tod . \_. ! poreg " o5 * .t s o peeeh s B et P ] . L] e o o~ 1Y 4 i o o h o deet i ] o .s.« ke ot Py i s e o - o N P 4 L s b [l o -~ 24 gl b nw - o oy ..\ws fi.w e & - v 3 , " o ¥ g kel - b bt 3 P ! o s o ’ By o it w £ m.. ] P P Ph i S wud E e M 1 . £ B o A w ¥ = et L= b P il o o b a5 o . p et fra - e £ - Yt NOT CLASSIFIED DWG. 8612 \ —PLUG o B T W LI L AT TR O R 7/ SRS ~—CAPSULE e g rd s s SPECIMEN | X 34 X Vg Efl\\\\i g R T FIG B CORROSION CAPSULE ASSEMBLY 28 Ulobar tube furmaces. An inert gas surrounds the capavles to prevent scaling and to minimize denger from posasible leaks. Following the reguirsd 2XPOSsULe, the furnace is tilted to drauin the liguid metal away from the samples and up into the hollow core of the plug, where the liguid selidifies. After removal of the capsules from the furnsce and selidification of the contents, the plug end of the cepsule iz sawed off snd the capsule contents removed for exsmination. The lithive and biamuth ere analyrzed spectrographicelly for the component elements of the semples. The lithium or bismuth is removed from the surface of the sample, the sample is weighed and its surfsce is sxamined microscopi- cally and by X-ray or electron diffraction. Preliminary four-hour results from lithium tests at 18007F, which must be rigidly checked before they can be accepted as conclusive, indicate {1} iron, molydbenum, and zivconium suffered less weight change than the other materials tested, (2} tungsten, tantalum, snd columbivm were not severely attacked, and {3} cobalt and nickel underwesnt substantiel weight loss. The zirconium de~ veloped a brassy tarnish which X-vray diffraction showed to be a zirvconium nitride filw, indicating probasble mitrogen contaminetion of the lithium. Interpretation of these preliminary test results should take into account the facts that procedures insuring uniformly low contamination of lithiem by oxygen and nitrogen are not yet in osperation, and that s third component, the ivon of the wapsules, was present in each of the svstems. Significant results, where reguired, will be subject 2o confirmaetion in capsule liners made of the materials undergoing tesi. The four-hour, I1800°F tests in bhismuth, subject to the same or similar gqualifications as the lithium tests, showed nickel and zirconium to be severely attacked, whereas visual observation did not indicate attack of the iren, tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, and columbiuem, The pext aeries of tests is being conducted at 1800°F for forty hours, and will be followed by tests for still longer perisds of time and tests at other temperatiyyes. In addition to lithium and bismuth, potential coolants which are being considered for use in later similsr sorting tests include lead, tin, magnesium, and posaibly sodiuvm, patassiuwm, and combinstions of some of these. Lithiss Hsndlisg., Lithium presents a serious fire hazard incase it lesks or is spilled at high temperatures. A study to select materials for use as insulation around vessels containing lithium indicated that the fellowing 29 p L . P - @y P £ B e 3 5 e ; A o b % wabia} ] ‘ % P & - -, e ) . ) P - I [ G A o e [ tnd 2 ¥ P > s Lod o ot oy o . ' Ly o = gl e P e oot i i P ] = LR o o " ot o ) » . s V- - ot - - @ foul e A [o7] o0y k> wors PO . P £ - ) R o~ ke s ] i T o= 4l i G %] ol oy . b o ] M 2y . - ; ; ~ G & £~ s 223 ] o o & L“N o o . Py et s ad Py ‘m,fi. 4o -, £ s 3 ] , @ b > it “ whtt i frioad 7 . : - - P P £ sy o g et « ek e i % % i flw i b} L3 oy 2y o g R ) Cobe ol e ok ‘o oy " ey = s P . . P bt smord & et v 6 £a P o . yoont # 4 Il i [ b > o o5 L] P e %] e oy il <] dod e o ] - e =, B p ., st Y . et Sedtey ) Yoo & @ yed % s o] o g - ey ‘- o 5 i . R - b w 2w o o o - A 3 s Sl e @y Sk el . - ¥, N 4, I o) &% o & £y epd - ] [ I ) @ P . e I ) [ R bk e b i it gad Sk =4 .Mw b I R T B & e o LR - 4] “ iy - % vy e = ot et ] et e . Ak & \n ot W% o, o - . ) o w mooW T 3 £ # o - ot fout P ook o ot - 5 P ) s . f<3 e i o i 8] . Lotea? ca o eei P e o, 22 ] s b P ) o 41 ] . - & o ] i Py s, - ol g < [e] . s e o g £ d " - fost P - a W A S ] & @ i a - &y e ; Ly - 3 & [ ; b ! 4 [o % P £hn “.\..\, o oy ped ‘..._. n“ o) > . oy Yoy o Py P Y o + bed = P o ot o L e . g @€ @ b w @ om mo bt e Pl P e 2 il b wrd i by i o] 24 S ww“ it ol o e yod g dad - (-3 P E=] ir. o d o k ot - » w . B B RS Wt ‘4 . o bl 4 s o - Y ” PR - () i ke wh [ i’ i S P a5 phe s Z o 4 . — d “i i o ! & i Pax] sy bt g ) b (£ b s et g b7 o i Foi 9] el 4 - oo fol i G e Py o - . ) foeg Lh e 97 N b " ) b [ I P ak L] o femi d hod Bt e - B e g e e TR PR RS B el e ot 3 ey i o L3 i b de: - ‘ [} e ] - ; H s kaid | - ol 1 bt by - el . @ o ke W oaed B . © @ 4w 2 - - I3 b y c Sk " e . e [ S = o~ g i - ol Yo - pied J— - By SO PR~ S e SO - T %! wy B ~ 4 Ey] G ! Poc] Py - b $eq @ N it = e el o kS o e ‘ Py P kst = e by L] , - ME o PR @ L =1 - - [ LS R a3 p e ¥ R e L T P - 3/ - ) e L3 —_— foie} v yod Ll - i 1] i b o e rdes Ao e i - . . S, fos e . o . © o e £ N e ha? 2y L] o P s P St ] tad o . A o st 2 p el oy =y it b A ] P Pt tals o " ied o i f; . =4 a 74 " - bt i e My WM g 6 e By o ia e ot . . o o e )] r, \. ) e} o o o Al o} i B ?N - e . .y s i - - P £ iy ded o i Firi] ) “ fod .Nx ey % Lt . P o . " 54 i " P by & o . fon o by bei B v [ 5 ot 4 7 g . o . ] ) . g} by e N B ] ) foe] . - o & N o] [y it L fond o) e P 5 o - - y ; B o ok Bt - A S s i BO B pe e b e P TR a4 w oW y P e @ e M e v in %, o p “ it P g £y i et ak ' % L et i [o} fedh B ] o . v fol oo i P . fe o = - - i s -y it w4 f) [») 4 G i Vi yaf ek e, = i ol P s s . e AL 4 e o - o bt Aed P - oy “rd oy & - rert , R w o - g sy p ot ok [ o~ ] Yt — fesy 23 fd @ ik - oo A o wo MY \\ = . » - o iy i, F. " o e o - - bk i £, o beed - g p— o Iy s . - & P ) ol e e = o s ] BoaZ S MO K o, e s 4 Py - P o ) i Py O B @ g % & e T om -t , . - a5 oW de. s e A &k A, o o w % & & o T = S = " P ] . e & K, ) 2 Bt - 4 o ) et L e e - b4 - = 8 wo £ w B ey . i g . st “ . ¢ o] 0 i % Gort : P BT L m ST B B - o = 2 bt 2 h " ot P 5 bl s @ " = oy - o I3 I L - o B | (9 i 3 LA 3 - i o e eed S o . ven - & - ! L 2 ey oped & gt 4 b= : @ i e i £ T : , » 9 - o P - o E oot s o o Py . g ok el o (<] P \ 554 i w fand bt f3 = o i ) - ) - b - P Tl 43 fir 1) e Lo I fe - 4 s “ P oo Y el = g ) “agsl [ L4 ! ol Yot T o g = . i PR SERY S o s W g ! P [ 2 A ot N o e en e . B “ i by ferl ) - Bt o A p R B o T ‘ o PR w4 g w4 L s “ Pt o P s e y et + S ; I ol i Py L et e Yot . fa P Py i w ey o k) . Ciora P o P prd - el e kad I iy wd - #ed ] P T feaa . 5 o . A & - A P = o g 1 o -t .. L et P o o & pape "ot ok o bx) o o - o o . -t ) o, = g “@ v‘u b [/ Sy e o 12 . e - . 7 - p o i, o K ] ] b . ad o s 4 & = fi.\w P 1] o0 - fierd o i e €3 I fod o] e i o} i ] e - Ead -’ s o, as gy ) seitatd oot . b = o raay o pel & o a d §a " - . i 3 =l . » 7 ° (e b = e ek 4 ; o e I L P o IS ot o S y - e, e s % o ) ol ; o - b 4 = o B B [ R & N P - %" ol )} » Y ' . p - B ol e, o L o el - g wo@ @ g weed @ P e p ; o P ot o - " e ; e 5l it [l B R S v bt - ’ . o 03 L3 et =oom W oeed b : ’ . o L3 P = T ] o W o - w - g s % At et tealas Yot RS o gy ren & . W o Y o X o & A 3 o 81g S &8 e ] P ure e R . TNV ] R Y B oon 4 Wy e e Lainegy ¥ o0 0 T E 2 ¢ oL 3 ? R X o § e b - u T oy e Sy Pue ax ¥ 1 o el 4 F F e i, S in &3 W R L T2E8Q e A e Y ¥ P AP \_“3 & i P b ) 4 i 4 ™ . $- @ o PR SR PTIL A g 5 2 ey e fae k2 Pa™ =24 1 T LR ) o . 3 oW P W \‘“L\ {.4‘9' a3 S0 r » 3 e i1 > L8 Ey . & e & & AR o oo e oS L R ?\\‘Q ‘@ saR %, o i L9 4 on development of an experiment for the MTB. Extensive use of the MIR Mock-Up at OHNL 313 planned. AUXTLIARY HATERIAL RTUBIESR ¢. Sisman, Resctitor Techmology pPivision High Iotessiiy Samma Sowrcse. In order to study the effect of gamma radi- ation on materials, @ pneumatic tube apparatus hes been installed in the pile for producing high intensity gemma sources by irrsdiating cylinders of gold {Fig. 6). This equipment haa been in operation since December 19, 1949, The gamma intensity inside the gold cylinder {3 in. long, 1 in. ID, 2 aom thick) sfter irradiation for one week was measured to be 10% p/hr.(U The pneumatic tube apparatus is shown in Figs. 7 snd #, and the receiving shield is showns partislly disassembled in Fig. %. The gold cylinders arse biown in and out of the pile by aiv preasure, operating through solensid valves. When the gold eylinders ave discharged from the pile they fall inte one of sight chambers in the receiving shield., These sight chambers sre arrangsd in # circle and gearsed to an indexing handle so that s zource may be received in any of the sight chambers and thesn rotated 180° to = position from which it may be dropped into the source shield. When the gold is to be reinserted in the pile the source shield is brought up under the receiving shield by means of a 1ift truck, the gold ecvlinder is then blown from the soures shield inte the receiving shield, and rotated 1807 to a position frowm which 1t is blown into the pile. The large cviindrical lead plug, shown in the lower left hand corner of Fig., ¥, normally keeps the gold cvlinders from falling out of the receiving chember and alsc shislds the opening through which the cylinders pass inte the source shield. When this plug is turned 30, the source falls through an opening in the plug snd into the seurce shield. The ssveral parts of thiz apparetus ars semled with double O rings, and air pressure is maintainsd between the § rings to keep active air confined inside the aspparatus, from which it is discharged inte the pile exit air line. { 1) Hessurements weve made with & speclaiiy designed lenizstion cohawmber aznd checksd with several Victersen i ¥ meters, The velues obteined with the R meters st ths cenfer of the cviinder sere 0% higher than the regding on ths isnizstisn chamber, which gives sn sverage of the enfive 3 inedh lemgih of the cylinder, _INED CUP FIGURE 6 GOLD PHOTO 5R6G NOT CLASSIFIED PHOTO 5988 NOT CLASSIFIED NOT CLASSIFIED B o o b Q. . ) . . s . . p & N P o o @ @ w ©“ o 4 LA L sog F O - A ot W) y ; o e . o e o ok ) P ] el A G g whe 5 S L g o s Bom gl o4 o s o \, - e e . . L} K 5 - ed o - e bd & - B~ IS e I S 2 ) o . ] 7 . @l « 4 e * wiy 9 B 4 W ¥ 5 v ot ey - I oad P P - ) e - foda ws 2] Y 5% N g s oA i 7 [ - " o, ; -t Yt o £ o a e - ok - o o £ e o b a s o “ e £ ek s 4 ] ks et Sa . o] - o bee i o ” & ot a o e ] bt b ot o ) N s - g Lo ) 7 ks L 2 o e . - » oot . - ay % e b e 5 I & a3 2 e o P24 P e gl 5 - 4 . A ah i : o - s = @ - o ] rond [ VR ft u 3 % g 4 e P o i . & - S - o - it . s - o g e H] ” ~ ] gy s . ‘. [ i ‘ g (i e i - i Pl = p &3 oo . ot o a3 ! ok Lol o b i o prl fre) %, o stk y P i (] et “odord i g i 7 o= 5 G Gl et R 5 PO I - . B - = D = Lo 4 3 o % e as 2 [ % oeed o a4 hut Py »prf v oma s [ Hai 2] o+ - st i ek ) w - g p [t et . i = had e g a3 a s @ - ’ 4 24 e i el frda, - el [+ ol =Y e @ . M o . s > - - has : 4 el o Pl o - e Yo ot bk ] k4 = s o ¥ by [ ) b s g eae et ‘ 'y Sl L) ey . . 4 - Fd . P o~ e, s 404 bt o . a3 & L2 e i : bdes THA ded Sebi L s . - - ] S . . s [ £z w nand . i b ! ot B b . i i, o i - e P %] - o J P o3 Bt hais o 2 S o ” bl wbat i B b e -1 > ., : b O] et o o Zad =2 " e £ 3 foeert - ! R s et [ . s o i d 2 o i, T Post g ] a s - . o = bl iad ’ - o e o g 2 b . et 3 e @ W et s b L s P 5 o e _o_m. wepey = P | ) - gt 0 - - ) - S s o - 47} iy ek ey 6 fant] i u P o g o [ = feh J Sa o 2 u.w ) % A et ] 4 P J % e D o P5) P o foec o < I P o T g & BN - & o . - . o e P P S b3 P P o & 7] o e s e “ % Sl s felg e i Z o gt P ] (] [ VR ; 23 8w : g e BT e 5 & b 4o @ et et ; il L hod o , ] T g ped I b s - P " ] . o~ et ol 2] -t ki - e (] P ) o 3] o ok > g fo fa] P e ‘ ) Py % o g i ks g e - el - & I A BT e e R I P R pun] - il s foa - ey e s P A - v ) L o ) Rl o % s (e « g : Pt sooal & 5 k4 o o 23 o St iy - JR ] o el % G e . s = g s . on . o s ' [ e o . 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P o iy \ Fold P g [ P B el A E L e EE RPN s B ] o eed & B egd G4 @ . P o i P p o k. S o~y ek oo 2 PR I+ o om W e @y o L PHOTO 5840 NOT CLASSIFIED A3IHS 304N0S O! 34Nold TABLE X gleectrical Properties of Irradisted Plastics YOLUBE EESISTIVITY {&kfififflfifi} DIBLECTRIC SYRENGTH {(wveite /mils) ¥ HaTBERIAL THEEBHAL ovg ' Beuwtrons ems) BEFORR IRRARIATIOR AFTER IRRADIATION BEFORE IRBADIATION AFTER IERABYIAYIOR Methyl Methscervlate {Lucits} Cellulose Nitrate Celluloses Acetate Cellulose Acstate Butyrate Fluorothene Ures Formaldehyde Alkvd Resin Polyvinyl Carbazeols Yinylidine Chloride {(Saran} ¥inyl Chloride Acetate Melamine Formaldehyde Polyastyrene {eclear) Polvstyrene {Styron 475} Polystyrene {Styron 4110} Poelysthylene Phenel Formsldehyde {paper base) Phenol Formaldehyde{ssbestos base! Allyl Diglyeol Carbonate Polvester Resin Polyamide {Nylon} 8 L41 % 10%8 L34 x 1pte L34 % 1038 26 % 308 24 % 1048 L26 x joid (2% % Jot @ L39 ® 108 4L x 10 7 ox 108 AR G R L00 x jotd L0 x - 1ptd Lo x 1ptd L0 x. 1g e L0 x 1018 .00 x jgt® LBT % 1038 .65 % 108 J50 x joid o (] > 1044 % ifiii x 1012 > 1044 > 1oid 2 % 39t v 1$§§ > 10t > g3 > 10is x jptt >.EQE$ > 3 > 1gt¢ 5 1p¥4 X ifiig % 10% % E@&é x gt X §§§3 8 B B v 1014 SR A b4 Efififli A L] s Y 'v! - L) 3 A 60 60 740 500 1280 660 1086 850 1640 1140 1440 1220 1230 80 436 240 440 168 1300 10320 G40 490 186 80 a81¢ 860 86 T e Anlt syl v peldnogtg Janintaeln ! RNy o Ly T ges ke [ S _ e | ghl gUT 'Y __ a1l "e _ b M . Are _ AN q ar ! Bid _ wel | _ het " : Ml | 3 e | . fiaal aeed . L I 1 | ] = : .h.fi r-.o- . - ’.9. t. — RN 1 X*n,._..ua 251 SUALTATAANY (AT B — e —— £ _fl & %0t « 3 ‘ iy - g S -_ - _— ‘._‘ll |%F JARENR 3 iaet sgoe ir oY Vgt s oAb *igy =3¢ nf i Ty & e onul ki = i _ i "l ¢! o “aL s b il TR *igL T gh " s Lt e, 'l "9 ‘,. "ol -~ W4 A e, | My = mm 0 s MmN "o AL Syl v 00 Mag v N2 - tea tetiand! nouinadinh 1 pdonl AT RAL. W R T MANA st v ol mavlal il sy b el . nh s pms) S (o 1R ervaval seguy sl sieel walh U ELE T irwsa®l ol sa AT sulld IywlV whasech whigaldd Iyni® wlivil vied ot poses! @ il al sureresevint enirviaf LETH nuaed®) sectgsaeief (N1 s &) seesyrpvied avely Fienle¥ Iagad tount’ sbypd sl pans® foanad | {nngi wi rasdos lahvdebt 2 LosmdS sdemiin Tovedetl Lelld wisolh 1@izayiad boe P77 wRlawyia® vl ~ O oy o PRESSURE P.S.l. GAUGE » o W o 20 10 DwG. 8995 152 °G /9—\\ e § \ 239 °C / N\ ZERO PF!ESSUREK 2.6 2.4 L 2.0 1.8 IOOO/T abs. FIGURE i DISSOGIATION PRESSURE OF LiH © IRRADIATED o NON-IRRADIATED L PRESSURE — P.S.l, GAUGE 200 i00 20 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 DwG. 8596 u_— 275°C - o N\ 7 / I P & 7. // & \\ % o YV JL/ / \X \\ e i ZERO PRESSURE 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 I;8 1.6 1.4 1000/ T abs. FIGURE 12 DISSOCIATION PRESSURE OF Z'Hn.es W2 (O] O IRRADIATED NON-IRRADIATED materials over the nonirradiasted metearisla. Total irrsdismtion time haz been sbhout 3 monthszs at about half wmeximusm fluwm. It 43 tentatively planned to include wranius hydride in thess studies. 43 NUCLEAR MEABUREMENTS 4. 8. Sosill, Physics pivisien Preparations are being made for the messursment of the variocus neutren cross sections which can be expected toe be needed in the course of the ANP work. The preparations sre dirvected along two lines: {1} SBelection and preparstion of the site for the "5 MYV™ NEPA Van de Graaff machine., Delivery of the machine is expected in September, 1850, HBeeruiting efforts are vnder way with the object of sssembling 8 group of physicists prepared o start the weasurements as soon as the machine atarts to perform asufficiently well. {2} Conatruction of a high-speed mechanical velogity sslector. This geems attractive in visw of the recent succeas of the Argonne mschine. The work at ORNL has to astart from scrateh; one wan has been studying the problem, and it is hoped that s second persen can be added im June. THE CONCENTRATION OF LITHIUM ISOTOPES BY CHEMICAL METHODS A. Clark, Y-12 Research Laboratory The concentration of lithium isotopes by a number of different methods has been under investigation for the past nine months. It seems likely that high purity "Li would be very valuable as either a coolant or a fuel-element con- stituent for an aircraft reactor. At the Beginning of the project a survey of the scientific literature revealed that the concentration of lithium isotopes had been accomplished on a laboratory scale by several widely different methods. These included the mass spectrometer, chemical exchange between a resin ion and aqueous lithium solutions and between lithium amalgam and alcoholic lithium solutions, electrolysis of lithium solutions in which the reduced lithium is removed as amalgam, and electromigration in which the faster isotope migrates more rapidly toward the cathode in a fused salt. During the months of December, January and February, the effort has been concentrated on molecular distillation of the metal, chemical exchange in solid-liquid and liquid-liquid systems, continuous countercurrent electro- migration, continuous countercurrent electrolysis, and thermal diffusion of aqueous lithium solutions.” The end of the quarter also saw the beginning of a new method—a dual temperature liquid-liquid chemical exchange system which requires no reflux and a minimum of attention. This method appears highly suitable for quantity production of 'Li if it develops satisfactorily. Molecular Distillation of Lithium Metal. The molecular distillation (non-equilibrium) of lithium metal should result in a concentration of ®Li in the vapor and of ’Li in the residue. The ratio of the rates of diffusion of Li and 'Li from the liquid metal is proportional to the inverse square root of the mas;e;, and a theoretical separation factor (a) is calculated to be 1.08 for this process. Preliminary experiments with a single stage molecular still have shown a separation factor = 1.018., In a typical experiment, 10.1 grams of lithium were distilled over a period of about two hours at 450°C and 15 microns pressure until onli 1 gram remained in the still pot. The resid- ual material in the still pot assayed 92.935 & 0.015% "Li as compared with a starting material assay of 92.500 £ 0,020%. Further experiments will be carried out using a larger still under verious conditions of temperature and pressure. 45 = Chemical Exchange Methods. Chemical exchange methods for concentrating lithium isotopes are divided irto two groups, ligquid-solid systems and liquid- liquid systems. Although the latter are more easily adapted to continuous ouRtercurrent operation, very few satisfactory systems are available, and much’ of the effort has been with liquid-solid systems.: Ligquid-Solid Systems. An attempt is being made to utilize selective adsorption on cellulose-—a method used successfully for the separation of different elements.. A lithium salt in an organic solvent is slowly eluted through a column packed with activated cellulose. It is hoped that the cellulose will exhibit a preference for one isotope so that the lithium coming] out the bottom of the column is concentrated with respect to the isotope held | less tightiyo To date the cellulose columns have been filled with activated cellulose in butyl or isoamyl alcohols, and a slug of activated cellulose and lithium salt in water added at the top of the column. Elutriation of the salt at the bottom of the column is performed by addition of alcohol at the tOpo: In the latest experiment the column was charged with LiOH, and over 170 hours /| were required for the lithium to wash through a 24 inch column. No assay has | been received for the lithium in the leading edge.- i Another liquid-solid system is a continuous countercurrent ion exchange resin column in which a lithium solution passes up through an ion exchange resin which moves slowly down through the column at an almost imperceptible | flow rate.. The experiment has recently been terminated and no assay on the | product material has been received. In an experiment at X-10 with a "fixed" | bed of resin, the concentrations of "Li in the leading and trailing edges were | reported to be 93.4% and 90.0%, respectively. In another liquid-solid system, a column of solid Li,CO; in a finely divided state is slowly being eluted with distilled water. If there is any| - difference in the solubility of the lithium isotopes, the more so;uble should | | dissolve, and the less soluble should be concentrated so that when all except : equilibrium between solid and saturated solution, and requires a long time | a small portion of the original column is dissolved, the remaining solid shouldi be enriched in the less soluble isotope. This is dependent on complete | (several months) to complete the experiment. Liquid-Liquid Systems. Isotopic exchange and enhancement is being studied in a number of aqueous-organic liquid systems. The limited number of organic liguids which have proved to be suitable for this method has forestalled the development of a satisfactory systenm. Water-isoamyl alcohol solutions of LiClh E ‘46 - have shown an inconclusive, but small concentration, and this system is still | being investigated.” A number of less likely systems remain to be studied. In the literature a chemical exchange and isotopic enhancement is reported between lithium amalgam and alcoholic lithium chloride solutions.’ In order to avoid the onerous task of refluxing at each end of the column, it has been proposed that the dual-temperature process for hydrogen-deuterium be adapted for lithium. In the proposed method, lithium amalgam is pumped countercurrent to a rising column of alcoholic LiCl. By maintaining a cold column at the top and a hot column at the bottom, the ’Li isotope is concentrated in the bottom of the hot column and at the top of the cold while ®Li is concentrated at the top of the hot column and in the bottom of the cold column.. In this manner a continuous process can be operated without reflux and a minimum of difficulty. The main obstacles remaining are large stage heights and possible low sepa- ration factors. If these can be overcome successfully, the production of TLi will become a reality. Coutinuous Countercurrent Electrolysis. Since the largest factors for the concentration of lithium isotopes have been reported for the electrolysis of lithium solutions, some consideration and effort has been expended in the development of a continuous method. Single stage separation factors as high as 1.05, 1.06, and 1.07 have been reported for experiments in which lithium is reduced at a changing mercury cathode in an aqueous lithium solution. As the lithium amalgam is continuously removed, the concentration of 7Li remaining in solution is increased. By combining several cells and causing the lithium to flow counteréurrently to a stream of LiCl solution, it is hoped to concentrate the lithium isotopes. Continuous Countercurrent Electromigration. -The work of Brewer, Madorsky et al datithe National Bureau of Standards during the War showed that two isotopes of the same element might be separated by washing one back with a countercurrent stream of electrolyte while allowing the other to migrate for- ward to the cathode in an electromigration cell having anode and cathode con- nected by an anti-diffusion packing. This principle has been applied to a solution of LiOH in which an attempt has been made to separate the different lithium sbecies which are postulated to exist. By separating the species, it is hoped that an exchange and subsequent shift will occur so that an isotopic concentration is effected. The work is being continued.- 47 ST e P L} Thermal Diffusion. No satisfactory component for the thermal diffusion of a lithium liquid has been found. In lieu of this, thermal diffasion of concentrated lithium salt solutions has been tried with no apparent success to date. 48 l ¥ g 1] » Al - - ‘ . , i L X - e \'- s \ - g